Peptides are short chains of amino acids, usually less than 50 amino acids. They play important roles in many biological processes like cell signaling, immune function, and hormone regulation.
Some key things to know about peptides:
- Size: Peptides are smaller than proteins but larger than amino acids. The shortest peptides are dipeptides, containing just two amino acids. Larger peptides include tripeptides (3 AAs), tetrapeptides (4 AAs), etc.
- Structure: Peptides form linear chains held together by peptide bonds between amino acids. This repeating backbone gives peptides their structure and function. The unique sequence of amino acids determines each peptide’s behavior and activity.
Common Types of Peptides
- Hormonal peptides help regulate the endocrine system. Examples include insulin, oxytocin, and glucagon. These hormone peptides play critical roles in the body like regulating blood sugar and reproduction.
- Antimicrobial peptides provide defense against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other pathogens. They are a key part of the immune system. Our bodies produce them naturally, but scientists are studying how to create new antimicrobial peptides as medical treatments.
- Neuropeptides act as neurotransmitters and influence mood, appetite, learning, pain perception, and more brain functions. Endorphins that relieve pain and induce pleasure are common neuropeptides. Oxytocin is another well-known “love hormone” neuropeptide.
- Bioactive peptides in foods can positively impact health. For example, antioxidative peptides, antihypertensive peptides (which lower blood pressure), and immunomodulatory peptides that support the immune system. These peptides are being studied as nutraceuticals and functional food ingredients.
I hope this overview gives some helpful context on what peptides are and what they do in the body! For specific details on using peptide supplements safely and effectively to support anti-aging, muscle gain, injury recovery, and more benefits, visit the hormone optimization experts at
Optimized Hormones clinic. Their world-class physicians customize treatment plans featuring peptides like BPC-157, Ipamorelin, and Sermorelin based on your unique health goals.