Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. It is an umbrella term that encompasses diseases such as coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, hypertension, and stroke.
CVD is the leading cause of death globally. In the US alone, 1 in 4 deaths is caused by heart disease. The most common type of CVD is coronary artery disease (CAD) which can lead to heart attacks. CAD occurs when plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries, the blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle. Over time this can cause the arteries to harden and narrow, restricting blood flow.
Some key risk factors for CVD include:
Luckily, many of these risk factors can be prevented or managed with lifestyle changes and medication if needed. Simple steps like exercising regularly, eating a nutritious diet, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding smoking, and controlling conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure can go a long way in keeping your heart healthy.
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Early detection of CVD is critical, as many people do not experience symptoms until the disease has progressed. That's why regular screenings are important, especially if you have multiple risk factors. Common diagnostic tests include:
Treatment for CVD involves medications to control blood pressure, cholesterol, and heart rhythms as needed. Procedures like angioplasty and stents can open blocked arteries, while severe cases may require coronary bypass surgery or heart valve repair/replacement.
The good news is that with early intervention, vigilant monitoring, adherence to treatment, and lasting lifestyle changes, many forms of cardiovascular disease are preventable and manageable. Committing to heart-healthy habits provides the best defense for keeping your ticker going strong.